Mariana Moiceanu *, D. Dragomir *
* Dr. Mariana Moiceanu, Prof. Dr. D. Dragomir – Clinica de Pediatrie şi Neurologie Pediatrică, Spitalul Clinic de Copii Dr. V. Gomoiu, Bucureşti
Abstract
The opioid endogenous system is exercises the analgesic effect through the sensory input change signalling causes by the noxious stimuli. The opioid system includes a large number of opioid peptide which is ligands for numerous types of opioids receptors. The opioid system interferes in the inhibition of nociceptive transmissions to CNS through: – The opioid peptides interaction (and opioid drugs) with opioid receptors which causes the penetrability modifications of ionic channels (enhance the K inward and close the Ca channels). The neurons hyperpolarization (produce by theionic permeability modification during of potential of action). – The blockade of neurotransmitters release and inhibition of the pain impulses transmission (consequence of the neurons hyperpolarization). The maximum density of opioid receptors is located in all areas of CNS knowed as be involved in the integration of pain informations. Recently was discovered to the man the opioid receptors which are able to mediate the analgesia to the level of nervous sensory peripheral terminations. More recently was discovered one receptor with a same structure like opioid receptor named opioid-like receptorl (OLR1) which have a ligant know as orphanin FQ (OPQ) or nociceptin. Further it’s demonstrated that the man has a peptide named enkelytine (proenkephalin A) who has an efficient antibacterial action. The opioids it exercises the analgesic effect through the bonding and the activation of receptors which are made a part from the endogenous opioid system. Depending on the action, the specific opioid receptors the drugs are classified in agonist drugs, partially agonists, mixed agonists-antagonists and the antagonists. The future researches could be elucidating the pharmaceutics and molecular biology of the endogenous opioid system and its opens the way for discovery of new drugs, more selective. The choosing of the drugs could be individualized for each patient endogenous opioid system. Likewise, could be establishing the drugs combinations which can optimize the benefits and minimize the risks on the patients funded out under the treatment.