Anamaria Papiță 1, Corina Itu 1, Sorana D. Bolboacă 2
1 Infectious Diseases Hospital Cluj-Napoca
2 “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics
Abstract
Introduction. Patients with HIV infection develop changes of lipid fractions. These changes are associated with both viral replication and antiretroviral treatments, especially with protease inhibitor treatments. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the specific risk factors of HIV infections for occurrence of lipid metabolism and glycemic metabolism disorders. Material and method. A longitudinal prospective study over a period of 34 months was carried out in order to assess 179 patients aged over 18, known or newly diagnosed with HIV infection. In these patients markers for HIV infection (viral load, CD4 cell, stage of disease, ARV treatment), lipid fractions (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides) and fasting plasma glucose were assessed. Survival studies were performed using the Kaplan Meier method at a significance level of 5%. Results. The evaluated group comprised 89 females with an age average of 30 ± 12.6 years and 90 males with an age average of 32.8 ± 12.7 years with or without ARV treatment. Most patients were in stage C3, followed by stage B2 and stage B3 of disease. Fasting plasma glucose proved to be increased in male patients (p = 0.00258). HDL cholesterol decrease in time in male patients (p = 0.00859), in presence of HIV replication (p = 0.00010), and in advanced immune depression (p = 0.00002). The HDL cholesterol proved not affected by the type of treatment (p = 0.52038). LDL cholesterol increase in presence of HIV replication (p = 0.000230, in advance immune depression (p = 0.03752), and in advanced stage of disease (p = 0.01210)). Total cholesterol was increased in presence of HIV replications (p = 0.00038) and in advance immune depression (p = 0.02560). Triglycerides increase in advanced HIV infection (p = 0.01458). Conclusions. Viral replications and advanced immunity depression is associated with decrease HDL-cholesterol and increase LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. The lipid fractions and fasting plasma glucose are not affected by the different type of treatment.